Substance Abuse with Drugs and Alcohol - 1013 Words

There are many types of drugs and alcohol. With them there are very mant effects and dangers. Starting with alcohol your will read about what the substance can do to you physically and mentally. Hopefully if you are having trouble with substance abuse this paper will change your mind. Substance abuse is overindulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance, especailly alcohol or drugs. Most people drink because they are depressed or upset because of a loss. They drink alcohol to make themselves feel better because it is basically a depressant. Others drink because they enjoy the alchohol. After a little alcohol the drinker may feel confident and relaxed. They may also be a little more talkative. The more they drink the more the effects increase. Other effects are vomiting, or they start to become unable to walk, they can lose control if their bladder, loss of balance, loss of judgment, or loss of coordinance. they could pass out. If you drink to much you could go into a coma, or even worse, you could die. Chronic abuse can cause serious health problems like liver disease, phsyciatric problems, social problems, increased risk of cancer, or heart disease. Alcoholics that frequently drink tend to gain a tolerance. After they gain a tolerance they have to drink more alcohol to feel the same way that they did before. After they gain a tolerance they can become dependant on alcohol. This makes people slip into the problem of abuse and addiction. Once they are addicted theyShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of Drugs And Alcohol Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Drugs and Alcohol 2 Overview 2 I. Workplace Factors 3 II. Workplace Performance Behavior 4 III. Workplace Role 5 RECOMMENDATION 6 Workplace Policies and Drug Testing 7 Policy and Regulations on Alcohol and drug abuse 7 Employee Education/Health Promotion 8 Works Cited 9 â€Æ' Employer’s Guide for a Drug-free Workplace Introduction to Drugs and Alcohol In order to understand drug and alcohol use, it is important to be clear about what we mean by the terms ‘drugs’ and ‘alcohol. Alcohol is a legalRead MorePersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse1228 Words   |  5 PagesToday, drug abuse has become a controversial subject where various individuals have different views. Substance abuse is a substantial dilemma among people and easily spread in schools, work environments, and even in homes. Drug abuse starts in utterly reasons, but can begin in adolescence with peer pressure or friends using them, family environment that has violent, physical, or emotional abuse, and inherited genetics with mental health conditions as depression, anxiety, or ADHD (National InstituteRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Substance Abuse1656 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Header: Substance Abuse Adolescent Substance Abuse Dana Sweitzer Liberty University Abstract Adolescent substance abuse is a major problem in society. There are many risk factors that can contribute to adolescent substance abuse. One of the main risk factors is peer pressure. When adolescents start at a young age there is an increase in health problems, addiction, and over all poor social outcomes. Parental influence has substantial effect on adolescents because the adolescent seesRead MoreSubstance Abuse - Social Pandemic1653 Words   |  7 Pagesillegal drugs and alcohol continues, substance abuse across America has become a very serious social problem. It is mental illness that has an effect on different races, classes and genders. The affects of substance abuse has caused countless of people to feel heartache and develop feelings of hopelessness. With alcohol and drugs readily available through prescription or on the streets (Butler,2010), it is obvious why many are acquiring addictive patterns to these accessible substances, and thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Substanc e Abuse On Children1364 Words   |  6 Pagesare 50% more likely to abuse substances (Promises Treatment Center). Bullying is the act of physical or verbal tormenting over a set amount of time, usually targeted at one person or a group of people. Bullying is an international issue that ruins the victim s emotional well-being. Those who are victims of bullying can turn to drugs or other substances as a form of coping; people who bully can be shown to have abusive tendencies with these substances as well. Substance abuse is defined as being dependentRead MoreAdolescent Drug Abuse And Alcohol1426 Words   |  6 Pages1 RUNNING HEAD: Alcohol and Drug Abuse Adolescent Drug Abuse and Alcohol Nyria Madison Liberty University Coun 620 Abstract Around the world we are finding that most adolescent are experiencing drugs and alcohol. This has been a huge issue for years. This has become a trend in society as of today. This paper will discuss the perspective of adolescent alcohol and drugs. This paper will also identify and inform you on the common predictors of adolescentRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Binge Drinking Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1301 December 1, 2016 Substance Abuse and Binge Drinking in Bryan College Station Substance abuse is a major problem that takes place on college campuses across the nation in today’s society. According to The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse half of all full-time college students binge drink, abuse prescription drugs and/ or abuse illegal drugs. This amounts to 3.8 million students. This research essay will be focusing on substance abuse in the Bryan College Station areaRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreSubstance Abuse967 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods neither approved nor supervised by medical professionals. Substance abuse/drug abuse is not limited to mood-altering or psycho-active drugs. If an activity is performed using the objects against the rules and policies of the matter (as in steroids for performance enhancement in sports), it is also called substance abuse. Therefore, mood-alteringRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 Pagesstates that substance use refers generally to the ingestion of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, PCP, amphetamines, etc. The use of illicit drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, are less frequently included in this definition, despite their widespread use and undisputed potential for harm. Substance abuse, however, is a more value-laden term which implies substance use, probably over time, which is somehow detrimental or harmful. Thus, substance use need

Essay on Special Education Becoming Less Special

Imagine a classroom in a typical high school; a teacher is explaining a lesson in Algebra. All of a sudden, there is an ear-splitting screech from the back of the classroom and a book goes hurling towards the chalkboard. One’s first instinct would be to whip around and see what the commotion was about; however, it is just Toby, the special needs child. This class encounters outbursts like this from Toby nearly everyday. The mainstreaming of special education students is the main reason behind these disruptions. Some of these pupils spend up to 80 percent of their day in a standard classroom setting. Inclusion of disabled students into a customary classroom has become a growing trend in many public schools throughout America in the past few†¦show more content†¦(â€Å"Special Education†). In addition, this makes children feel superior to their peers. In other words, it leads them to feel disconnected from the other students, like an outsider that does not belong . Because of this, students get easily frustrated with themselves and are apt to give up or even worse believe it is their fault they are different from others. In reality, the minds of these already low-level learners have the confusion of their surrounding peers to add on top of the mental stress they already exhibit. Lastly, these children are mocked, singled out, and verbally abused. In contrast to the belief that inclusion â€Å"breaks down social barriers,† it in fact only contributes to the building of them. Because of this, children feel depressed and withdrawn from the social activities that all their â€Å"normal† peers are able to participate in. In other words, special needs children learn less, feel perplexed, and become depressed due to mainstreaming. (â€Å"Intellectual Disabilities†). Clearly, this is not what any parent wants for their child, so why do they continue to support it? Not only are the special education students suffering from mainstreaming but their peers are affected as well. Non-handicapped students do not know how to cope with special needs students in a normal classroom setting. In other words, they exclude these students, making them feel unwelcome and unwanted. Beyond that, it adds an air of tension toShow MoreRelatedFinding the Right Path Essay1095 Words   |  5 Pageshave chosen to research about my future. I know that I want to major somewhere in Special education, but I am not sure where. I am going to research becoming a special education teacher and becoming a speech pathologist. Both are right down my path, but I am unsure of which suits me better. I am senior; therefore, this research is critical to the next step of my life. As of right now, I know a little about becoming a teacher. I have taken a class, Future Educators of Arizona, attended some conferencesRead MoreThe Use And Benefits Of Art In Special Education And Special1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use and Benefits of Art in Special Education and Special Education Services In the early half of the 20th Century, education for children with special needs was near non-existent. With the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1975, however, it became mandatory for schools to provide students with special needs Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) (IDEA, 1975). Since the IDEA law was enacted, special education has expanded to include a wide variety of programsRead MoreThe Role Of Financial Planning For Special Needs Children1666 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a lack of quality in services for special needs individuals once they become adults, forcing many to live without caregivers or the life skills necessary to live independently. Financial planning is one of the biggest things a parent with a special needs child can do to prepare for their future. Ten percent of Americans (ages sixteen to sixty-four) have a disability and are outliving their parents. Eighty-eight percent of parents with special needs children have not begun financiallyRead MoreMy School s Current Family And Community Engagement Assessment839 Words   |  4 Pagesacademically at higher and higher rates (State of New Jersey Department of Education, 2014). Although the definition of a disabled student can be broad, the majority of our disabled students are those that have Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) due to learning disabilities and receive related special education services of some sort. Our student learning problem involves very large class sizes in special education, including students with a wide range of ability levels. There are a numberRead MoreEducation Is An Integral Part Of Our Lives1420 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is an integral part of our lives. We all seek education in one form or another, and at different levels. The importance of education cannot be stressed enough. Education is knowledge gained and knowledge is power. Education gives us a knowledge of the world around us and changes it into something better. The influence of special education focuses on individualized directions and teaching. Special education has gone from just identifying individuals with disabilities and showing themRead MoreRepresentation Of Minority Groups : Special Education1693 Words   |  7 PagesTo: Arne Duncan, U.S. Secretary of Education From: Evan Sadrakula Date: April 15, 2016 Subject: Disproportionality of Minority Groups in Special Education Introduction Some students are subject to unequal representation at school, particularly those in a minority group. In the past, there were vast amounts of racial biases that spread across the United States. Unfortunately, racial bias still exists today, in the 21st century. There are those who feel that certain groups of people should notRead MoreHow Self Determination, Education, Has On Children Who Have Special Needs Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to explore the effect self-determination, in education, has on children who have special needs. The goal of this paper is to show that people with special needs need to be taught self-determination in order to produce an independent adult who can take care of themselves to their fullest extent. Upon looking at the research cited, it has become evident that a low level of self-determination will result in a child that cannot make decisions for themselves. Those studentsRead MoreIndividuals with Disabilities Education Act Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) greatly emphasizes the participation of the child’s family during the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process. Parents and/or caregivers are considered one of the most essential members of their child’s IEP team. Their involvement benefits their child’s overall academic success. Unfortunately, full parental involvement does not always occur and there can be many different reasons for their nonparticipation. The IEP process can be a veryRead MoreEssay about Special Needs Research Results1313 Words   |  6 PagesSpecial Needs Research Results The expert opinions of both classroom teachers and Salisbury State University professors were utilized to answer interview questions regarding students with special needs in the science classroom. The Maryland State Department of Education bulletin volume 10, number 6 states that 12% of all Maryland students require some form of special education service.(1999). Teachers from schools in various areas around Maryland were asked four questions regarding these students;Read MoreNavy Seals1059 Words   |  5 Pagesin the armed forces. Like becoming a nuclear engineer, a pilot, or even going into a special ops program in a certain branch of the armed forces. Well theres one special force that is separated from the rest and thats the navy seals. In this research paper you will learn the good and bad aspects in joining the navy seals whether its for the training, pay/benefits, or for your education. Foremost, the training for a navy seal go through about a year of training becoming a navy seal. Which starts

National Culture and Ethical Judgment - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the National Culture and Ethical Judgment. Answer: Introduction: From analysis of Preston Company it was observed that it is a manufacturing firm that wishes to expand its product line in domestic equipment. For such reasons, list of fixed assets was provided along with its acquisition date, original cost and accumulated depreciation on single asset basis. Fixed assets were old and so their book values were less than actual costs. Fair market values for fixed assets were deemed to be used in determining purchase price portion that must be allocated to goodwill. [1] Moreover, auditors of the parent companys purpose were to become familiar with company operations and conduct an audit. They offered opinion on the consolidated financial statement for the year. From such opinion, the owner realised that the parent company might sell few assets of the subsidiary company for expansion of its product lines. Moreover, an increased book value can also result in drastic loss as goodwill was used to increase asset value and was not stated in financial stateme nt. The ethical issue that took place in the company was regarding misrepresentation of accounts. Fixed assets of Preston Company were deemed to be old and for this reason, their book values were drastically lesser than the actual costs. Conversely, after completion of the companys financial statements audit Wilson was surprised to observe misstatement of financial statements. This is for the reason that goodwill amount of $450,000 was not indicated but has been employed for increasing the asset value. [2] With their asset values faster write-off of the same might occur in comparison to the goodwill within 20 years. Considering this, it can be said that as per American Accounting Association (AAA) ethical decision-making model to this asset valuation/goodwill problem misrepresentation of accounts was done by auditors. The auditors either involve in such conduct or failed to carefully audit assets of Preston Manufacturing Company. Six major principles, rules and values that are important to the evaluation of the case with specific reference to Stephanie Wilsons ethical dilemma are explained below: Establishing facts regarding the case to make sure that there is no ambiguity regarding the things taken under consideration. [3] Identifying ethical issues within the case through asking the ethical issues those are at stake. Identifying certain norms that place the decision within its ethical, social and professional behavior aspect. Recognizing alterative courses of action in accordance with the norms that can make it possible to see those options that are according to the norms and those are not. Selecting the best course of action and considering the consequences of results. Purpose of this rule is to make implications of the outcome unambiguous so that financial decision is made in all the decision options full knowledge and recognition. [4] Four options that are that can be considered by Wilson in resolving such ethical concern of misstatement of financial accounts are explained below: As per American Accounting Association (AAA) guidelines, before goodwill valuation capitalization of net profits must be ensured for obtaining the value of overall business along with subtracting net tangible assets value. Goodwill valuation approaches must also consider capitalizing surplus profits after interest. Statement of Standard Accounting Practice No. 22, SSAP 22, and Accounting for Goodwill must consider goodwill amortization over its useful economic life that recommends direct goodwill write-off in comparison to reserves. Cost of goodwill might be subtracted from shareholder equity as the goodwills nature is different from other assets of the company. This goodwill cannot be charged within the profit and loss account by annual amortization charges. However, a write-down might be required as the goodwill has experienced impairment in its value. As per Article 10 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/35, asset valuation norms, principles and values with alternatives for Preston Company are explained under: Recent prices within an active market for the properties of distinct nature, location or condition or subject to distinct lease or certain contractual terms must be adjusted to signify asset valuation differences. Taking into consideration that the uncertainty degree associated with future taxable profits resulted from any new business increases for the projection tome becomes lengthier. This is specifically when such projected profits are anticipated to increase in time beyond the undertakings normal planning cycle. The company must consider using cost approach in valuing goodwill. Through employing this approach, the company can anticipate the amount of required current costs in order to recreate the elements of goodwill component. This approach will involve method of component restoration. Whistle blowing is a process in which a whistleblower is exposed to certain type of information or conduct which is considered being unethical, illegal or highly inappropriate in the company whether the company is public or a private company. Due to this reason, several laws are there to protect whistleblowers. Whistle blowing is deemed to serve as an indispensible tool that makes sure of effective corporate governance procedures in the company. Whistleblower protection is considered to be highly necessary in order to encourage reporting regarding misconduct, corruption and fraud. [5] Offering effective protection for the whistleblowers supports open company culture in which the employees can be aware of appropriate reporting techniques. It can also facilitate businesses to avoid and detect bribery within commercial transactions. Importance of whistleblower protection was confirmed at international level when OECD guidelines support Guiding Principles for Whistleblower Protection Legislation for dealing with corruption. For safeguarding integrity and accountability, whistleblower protection is recognized by every major global instruments surrounding corruption. Considering that Watkins was whistle-blowing today and in Australia, certain guidelines were provided to her concerning her legal protection in compliance to Part 9.4AAA of the Corporations Act. For legal protection of Whistleblowers, this corporation act makes sure that the whistleblowers attain: Protection of information provided by them- Information provided by whistleblowers must remain a protected disclosure and their identity must also not be disclosed unless that is authorized by law. Protection against litigation- The whistleblower must be provided with protection against criminal or civil litigation for protected disclosures. As per Corporations Act if a whistleblower is terminated for protected disclosure, he might ask the court to reinstate them in his real position or in other comparable position. Protection against the chances of victimization- As per Corporations Act it will be a criminal offence to victimize a whistleblower because of their protected disclosures. However, as per this act if a whistleblower is victimized he can charge for compensation considering damages created by the offender. As per Corporations Act, there is a high value of whistleblowers protection in any organization. This because of the reason and as per the act whistleblowers protection is vital in encouraging the reporting of fraud, misconduct and corruption. In such case, protecting private sector whistleblowers supports the reporting of certain bribery along with other corrupt activities conducted by companies. Protecting public sector whistleblowers supports reporting of passive bribery along with misuse of waste, fraud, public funds and other types of corruption. Supporting and encouraging whistle blowing through offering efficient legal protection along with clear guidance on reporting policies might also facilitate authorities to ensure compliance through detecting anti-corruption policies. Offering effective protection for them can support an open company culture in which employees will be aware of proper reporting with promoting public sector accountability and integrity. Considering the rel evance of maintaining while blowing protection laws, certain provisions have been developed that strengthened the global legal structure for nations to maintaining efficient laws regarding whistleblowers protection. Sleepy time Ltd is an herbal and vitamin remedy organization that manufactures organic and natural sleeping pills for people facing trouble in sleeping. From analyzing the case study of Sleepy time Ltd certain issues have been discovered in relation to OECD principles of corporate governance. There are three actions in the above case study that is deemed to generate concerns in adherence to OECD principles. Certain major principles have been disregarded by Sleepy time Ltd Company. From the case study it is gathered that the companys board of directors includes executive and non-executive directors. Two among them are potential consumers and another one is a major shareholder of the company. This is observed to create issue regarding conflict for interest. Moreover, the directors being consumers will not have accurate access to confidential information and there is a chance that they can misuse corporate assets and associated party transactions. [6] In compliance to OECD principles, the company must appoint adequate numbers of non-executive board members that will be able to exercise free judgment to tasks in which conflict of interest might arise. In order to maintain a stable position in the marketplace, the shareholders those purchased shares in initial public offering decided to purchase and hold shares for over two years. However, in adherence to OECD principles certain issues regarding material conflict of interests who can compromise with the integrity of decision making and advice. In adherence to OECD principles, the company should participate and be informed on decisions regarding major corporate changes such as authorization of additional shares. The company announced that for avoiding takeover from competitors it has generated contracts with senior management regarding receiving payments of $20 million each in case the takeover occurs. As per the OECD guidelines such decision of the company is against corporate governance ethics. The principles state that costs associate with effective ownership should and can be decreased. In such situation OECD corporate governance principles allow that authorities must permit or encourage companies to co-operate their actions. Such co-operation must not be focussed on manipulating the merger company or gaining control on the organization without considering suitable takeover procedures. References Bobek, Donna D., Amy M. Hageman, and Robin R. Radtke. "The effects of professional role, decision context management, and gender on the ethical decision making of public accounting professionals."Behavioral Research in Accounting27.1 (2015): 55-78. Cuomo, Francesca, Christine Mallin, and Alessandro Zattoni. "Corporate governance codes: A review and research agenda."Corporate governance: an international review24.3 (2016): 222-241. Curtis, Mary B., et al. "National Culture and Ethical Judgment: A Social Contract Approach to the Contrast of Ethical Decision-Making by Accounting Professionals and Students from the US and Italy."Journal of International Accounting Research(2017). Martinov-Bennie, Nonna, and Rosina Mladenovic. "Investigation of the impact of an ethical framework and an integrated ethics education on accounting students ethical sensitivity and judgment."Journal of Business Ethics127.1 (2015): 189-203. Siems, Mathias M., and Oscar Alvarez-Macotela. "The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets: a successful example of networked governance?."Networked Governance, Transnational Business and the Law. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 257-284. Tricker, RI Bob, and Robert Ian Tricker.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.

Strategic Management on Honda Motors Essay Example

Strategic Management on Honda Motors Essay Off-Campus Executive Summary The key to a firm’s success is its fit between the organization and its environment. We study Porter’s Five Forces and Porter’s Value Chain activities for Honda’s strategic planners to analyse the organisation’s role in itself and how it copes with the environment. The strategic planner’s role is to forecast and direct the organisation into future strategies. Honda’s market positioning faces many challenges for example, the company’s core competencies in engine design and its engineers’ pursuit of technological mastery are not in accordance with market demand. onda’s positioning is not moving beyond the conservative Civic and Accord models, despite attempts to come up with other innovative cars. How the global automobile industry configures its activities across borders is largely dependent on how it deals with the opposite demands of global integration of activities and handles demand for local responsiveness. Prof. Whittington’s Classical and Processual Schools of Thought identifies with how differently strategies are developed. On one hand, strategic managers would like to forecast the future and to orchestrate plans to prepare for it. On the other hand, experimentation, learning and flexibility are required to deal with unexpected future events. The two model are applied on Honda Motors and we analyse which one is more suitable for Honda Motors. Global strategic management is conducted by managers all over the world. Its success depends on clear communication and understanding between them. The cultural dimensions are discussed from five aspects. They are power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long term/short term orientation. In the systemic perspective, the international strategic manager at Honda Motors will take into account the cultural dimension in building productive relationships. Table of Contents Individual Assignment Case Study – Reconciling Managerial Dichotomies @ Honda Motors in De Wit Meyer (2004:671) â€Å"Structural transformation through E-Business† Module Leader: Dr. Augustus Osseo-Asare Submission Date: Monday, 10th January 2011 Word Count: 3,000 words SIM336 Strategic Management Sunderland Business School We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management on Honda Motors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management on Honda Motors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management on Honda Motors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on The Heart

LOST CHILDREN â€Å"As long as any adult thinks that he, like the parents and teachers of old, can become introspective, invoking his own youth to understand the youth before him, he is lost.† Children these days, particularly adolescents, tend to feel misunderstood by their parents, and parents in return feel that their teenage sons or daughters are virtually deaf. As the bond between the parent and child begins to deteriorate, children begin to take refuge in their friends, and their dependence upon friends rather than parents eventually takes toll upon their lives. As teenagers further away from their parents, they begin to separate into a path where returning becomes harder by the day. The parent and child are depicted in a â€Å"Calvin and Hobbes† cartoon article where Calvin deciphers his mother’s nagging as ‘Blah blah blah†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and remembers to nod between his mothers pauses. In any family, parents naturally admonish their children. Although the exact degree of nagging and tolerance does very among households, parents relatively correct their children in one way or the other. However, most children do not take such admonishments well, particularly adolescents who usually feel that they have matured beyond their own parents. Adolescents stereotype their parents as â€Å"old generation† and always misunderstanding them. Girls feel as if their parents are over-protective, while teenage boys feel that their parents are nosy about their businesses. Parents usually set a curfew for their teenage daughters and remind her to call home if she is running late. Although her parents worry for her, girls feel that their parents are being over-protective and controlling. Young teenage girls feel restricted by her father’s curfews and embarrassed by the way her parents call her cell phone every time she remains late for parties. Likewise, teenage boys are bothered by their parents constant questioning over the dinning table,... Free Essays on The Heart Free Essays on The Heart LOST CHILDREN â€Å"As long as any adult thinks that he, like the parents and teachers of old, can become introspective, invoking his own youth to understand the youth before him, he is lost.† Children these days, particularly adolescents, tend to feel misunderstood by their parents, and parents in return feel that their teenage sons or daughters are virtually deaf. As the bond between the parent and child begins to deteriorate, children begin to take refuge in their friends, and their dependence upon friends rather than parents eventually takes toll upon their lives. As teenagers further away from their parents, they begin to separate into a path where returning becomes harder by the day. The parent and child are depicted in a â€Å"Calvin and Hobbes† cartoon article where Calvin deciphers his mother’s nagging as ‘Blah blah blah†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and remembers to nod between his mothers pauses. In any family, parents naturally admonish their children. Although the exact degree of nagging and tolerance does very among households, parents relatively correct their children in one way or the other. However, most children do not take such admonishments well, particularly adolescents who usually feel that they have matured beyond their own parents. Adolescents stereotype their parents as â€Å"old generation† and always misunderstanding them. Girls feel as if their parents are over-protective, while teenage boys feel that their parents are nosy about their businesses. Parents usually set a curfew for their teenage daughters and remind her to call home if she is running late. Although her parents worry for her, girls feel that their parents are being over-protective and controlling. Young teenage girls feel restricted by her father’s curfews and embarrassed by the way her parents call her cell phone every time she remains late for parties. Likewise, teenage boys are bothered by their parents constant questioning over the dinning table,...

Definition and Examples of Memory in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Memory in Classical Rhetoric Definition In classical rhetoric, memory is the fourth of the traditional five parts or canons of rhetoricthat which considers methods and devices (including figures of speech) to aid and improve an orators ability to remember a speech. Also called  memoria. In ancient Greece, memory was personified as Mnemosyne, the mother of the Muses. Memory was known as mneme in Greek, memoria in Latin. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Bathtub EffectClassical Rhetoric Dissoi Logoi: Dissoi Logoi on MemoryMnemonicOratory Parable: The Invention of LettersWhat Are the Five Canons of Rhetoric? EtymologyFrom the Latin, mindful   Examples and Observations In general, Roman writers on rhetoric (and, according to them their Hellenistic predecessors) avoided deciding whether memory was a natural ability or a learned skill by dividing it into two kinds. There was what was called the natural memory, which was simply an individuals aptitude for recalling things. This natural memory could be supplemented by the techniques of artificial memory, a set of practices that enabled their user to remember more clearly, more completely, more systematically, or simply more than his natural memory would allow.(William West, Memory in Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001) The Mnemonic Place SystemIt is not difficult to get hold of the general principles of the mnemonic. The first step was to imprint on the memory a series of loci or places. The commonest, though not the only, type of mnemonic place system used was the architectural type. The clearest description of the place is that given by Quintilian [in Instit utio Oratoria]. In order to form a series of places in memory, he says, a building is to be remembered, as spacious and varied a one as possible . . .. The images by which the speech is to be remembered . . . are then placed in imagination on the places which have been memorized in the building. . . . We have to think of the ancient orator as moving in imagination through his memory building whilst he is making his speech, drawing from the memorized places the images he has placed on them. The method ensures that the points are remembered in the right order.(Frances A. Yates, The Art of Memory. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966) Oral Memory and the Art of Memory: Orality and LiteracySome distinctions between oral memory and the art of memory (the fourth canon in classical rhetoric) should be articulated in future studies on memory. Whereas oral memory is a conception for cultural oral traditions and, specifically, for oral epic traditions, the art of memory is a reconceived view of memory that was articulated by rhetoricians and was clearly influenced by the increased acceptance and use of literacy in Greek culture. Thus, Frances Yatess seminal work, The Art of Memory, begins with a rhetorical, not a poetic, tradition. The very notion of memory as inner writing shows the early influence of literacy on the rhetorical tradition of memory. . . . The evolving art of memory shows orality and literacy working together.(Joyce Irene Middleton, Oral Memory and the Teaching of Literacy. Rhetorical Memory and Delivery: Classical Concepts for Contemporary Composition and Communication, ed. by John Frederick Reynolds. L awrence Erlbaum, 1993) Memory as a Creative ForceIn rhetoric, memory craft is a stage in composing a work; presupposed is the axiom that recollection is an act of investigation and recreation in the service of conscious artifice. Its practitioners would not have been surprised to learn what was to them already obvious: that recollection is a kind of composition, and by its very nature is selective and formal.(Mary Jean Carruthers, The Book of Memory: A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Kairos and MemoryIt seems paradoxical, but kairos and memory were partnered in several ways. First, both require a kind of attunement in that the rhetor who is gathering items for reserve in the memory must be thinking simultaneously about whats available now that might be useful later. Secondly, memory requires an attunement during the moment of speaking or composing, a recognition of the right time for recalling an illustrative example, an argument, and so on. . . . It is also of crucial importance to be aware of what events or knowledge might dominate the memories of a particular audience. . . . All of these aspects of memory , we believe, connect to kairos, the ancient notion of timing and attunement.(Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Modern Students, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2004) The Suppression of Memory in Composition StudiesIt is crucial to an understanding of Western literacy at this millennium to recognize that the disappearance of memory and delivery is not a benign removal; rather, it is part of a larger movement in the United States to pablumize the humanities in general, and to vitiate writing in particular by behaving as if it were a mere skill, craft, or useful tool. . . .Many issues of culture, ideology, society, and the construction of public and private lives reside in the functions of memory and delivery; public and private realms are routinely and tacitly regarded not as construction, but as palpably, obviously separate entities. The elimination of memory and delivery in the majority of student writing textbooks constitutes the removal of student-written language from the larger public arena. The removal reinforces the common, dualistic idea that students live outside ideology if they choose to do so, just as they are outside language if they choose to be.(Kathleen E. Welch, The Suppression of Memory, Delivery, and Ideology. Rhetorical Memory and Delivery: Classical Concepts for Contemporary Composition and Communication, ed. by John Frederick Reynolds. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1993) Pronunciation: MEM-eh-ree

Yuanlin-Wharton-essays1,2-0926-ec19970 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Yuanlin-Wharton-essays1,2-0926-ec19970 - Essay Example I started my career with the battery division of Sony as a sales officer. The times saw the battery division limping far behind the other departments of Sony in terms of sales and revenue. I analyzed the issue and addressed the problem by preaching the â€Å"Sony Team Spirit’ within the team which initiated cross-division collaboration. This resulted in the packaged sale of the battery along with other Sony products like T.V, Camera and Music Systems which within itself contributed 30 percent rise in the revenue of my division. My analytic skills brought me the opportunity to work as Asian market analyst at DSM. The market data model as well as the marketing and sales strategy-decision platform which existed was found be too much outdated to compete with the rising demands of the corporate world. I renovated the platform and established a team which monitored all aspects of business including market trends and hidden problems. The idea proved to be efficient as this strategic platform was widely applied in thirteen countries and contributed greatly to DSM’s global growth. Eventually DSM global headquarters included this system in its Corporate Vision 2010. In 2006, I took the position of Business Development manager at DSM. The price war was eating up the sustainable growth of the organization and its products. My strategy for this problem was to differentiate DSM as a customer oriented solution provider rather than a mere product supplier. My market analysis strategically led us to three emerging markets, giving us the advantage of an early-driver. I developed a business ecosystem in symbiosis with other organizations producing relative products. A united fleet of service providers was established resulting in more than twenty collaborative projects a year which generated sales revenue more than 1 million USD. As I grew in experience, I could envisage my prospect in helping the domestic Chinese companies to attain a global level. This thought eventually

Esaay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Esaay - Essay Example The paper will explore my career objective, learning style, my team role, personal attributes and abilities as a mathematician in computer science and information technology. My career objective is to work for a reputable organization as top-level management in the fields of finance, management, public service or actuarial management where I would be able to use my mathematical and analytical skills to solve mathematical problems related to computer science. I will also be able to use my outgoing personality, enthusiasms, positive attitude, and will to work as a team to enhance the performance of the organization. Learning style preference is a factor that dictates the things that students learn and the ease with which they are learnt. This is because they have the potential of exerting powerful manipulation on the learning effectiveness. For this reasons, Honey and Mumford formulated a four learning style questionnaires that learners may prefer to adopt and a preferred learning methodology. These include the activist, reflectors, theorist, and pragmatism learning styles. I being interested in mathematics that requires deep analytical and complex computations and my preference of working as a team, I prefer the pragmatic learning style. This is because it allows me to ask questions on the spot from my lecturers who are experts in the field of mathematics. Pragmatic learning style enables discussion with my colleagues easy as one who is more knowledgeable in a particular area is given a chance to demonstrate to others the problem instead of struggling as an individual making trial and error as is the case with activist style (Pont 87) Leaning power refers to the skills and psychological traits that enable learners to engage effectively in diverse learning challenges. In this regard I believe that I posses different learning traits and powers that has seen me improve and get good marks in mathematics. My

History of Circular Saw Essay Example for Free

History of Circular Saw Essay Circular Saw- As changes in the economics of the industry occurred, developments in powered machinery began that had an impact on both preparing and assembling. In 1805, Brunel took out a patent for large circular saws particularly associated with veneer cuttingand in 1807 developed the saw further in association with block-making machinery. However, one of the most important developments was not on this scale at all. The small circular saw of up to seven inches diameter, often operated by a treadle, was one of the keys to the success of small-scale furniture makers. This saw enabled makers of cheap furniture to square up, mitre and rabbet cleanly, accurately, and quickly, allowing the frames of cheap carcase work to be simply rebated and nailed. This method of rebating, using a circular saw, was particularly useful for drawer-making which was traditionally a place for using dovetail joints. The advantage of this cheap method was that a dozen drawers could be made in the time it took to merge joint just one. History behind the chair- Thomas Lee was the first to build and found the Adirondack Chair. He made it simply for relaxation for his family members. It was a great success and all his family members really liked the chair. He decided he would show it to a carpenter named Harry Bunnell. Bunnell really liked Lee’s chair and decided that he should start making them more than just for family but for a profit. Without Lee’s knowledge he patented the chair idea and began making his own Adirondack chairs with the same design as Lee’s. It was a big hit around the region and soon in the history of furniture. Originally it was named the Westport chair but then later on it was renamed the Adirondack Chair. Bunnells Adirondack chairs were made of hemlock, painted in either dark brown or green, and signed by the carpenter himself. Today, Bunnells original chairs come at a hefty price, about $1,200 each and he sold them for only $4.00.

Our Prison System Sucks :: essays research papers

Our Prison System Sucks Good afternoon ****** and fellow class mates. To many of you, the word prison might frighten you. To some, you welcome the idea of prison. To others, well, you just don't care. Well I am for the idea of prison, but I don't support the way our prisons in north america are being run. These people deserved to be punished! I don't want them to waste our money, get "paid" for television interviews, book rights and all the other goodies that come from doing a crime. And then slapped on the hand saying: "You be a good boy/girl now" and sent them off to a place we call prison, but in reality, some of the prisoners, find prison to be just like a strict camp. I have personally talked to some people who had gotten out of prison a few weeks prior to our talk, and they where telling me how they learned how to make certain crafts, learn how to sow, and many other things. To me, that sounds awfully like a camp I was made to go to when I was young. Some people in prison even have television, others treat it like a hotel. This disgusts me! This doesn't sound at all like a prison. A prison is a place where people are supposed to be punished. Not treated like guests. There is a fin line between being punished and being over punished however. I'm not saying that each person should be beaten daily, or made to stay in a cell by themselves with no one to talk to for an eternity. The person should be punished according to the crime. "An eye for an eye." This brings me to the subject of capital punishment. I'm sure some of you are disgusted by the word, but I am not. I am disgusted with the fact that it is not here in Canada. I believe that for major crimes, such as that of Paul Bernardo certainly deserve the death penalty. If someone can go out and kill dozens of children, or adults. They surely have the guts to go though with the end of their lives. The amount of grief a family has to suffer when a loved one is lost is tremendous, and to have to go through life worrying weather or not you safe because your afraid the killer will get out of jail with good behavior.

Psychological Inquiry Essay

Discuss the role of the researcher in psychological inquiry, referring to at least two of Heuristic and hermeneutics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role of the researcher in psychological inquiry has traditionally focused on the manner and means of developing valid and reliable general knowledge about the human realm.   The researcher is concerned with working out a step-by-step method that, if he will follow properly, would assure the correctness of his findings.   The researcher should include using a statistical analysis method that infers the general characteristics of a population by examining only a limited number of its members.   Then, implicit in this kind of psychological inquiry is that the researcher should apply its generalized knowledge in particular situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, the researcher should produce valid and reliable general knowledge.   The logic of practice inquiry assumed in this move is that the psychological inquiry consists of determining which set of therapeutic techniques work with the kind of client being treated.   As well be developed, the researcher should based not on a general to specific logic, but on a contextualized dialogic between a particular researcher and a particular client.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the main, psychology has held that psychological inquiry should consist of applying the knowledge that is generated by research inquiries. Psychological research, following models of research developed for the physical and biological sciences, aims at discovering the consistent and regular relations that hold across human behaviors, thoughts and feelings. It produces generalized knowledge claims in a logical form: ‘If a person is a member of a category (e.g. phobic), then he/she will likely respond in a specific manner to an environmental event (e.g. cognitive restructuring).’ This understanding of the researchers` role simply involves determining the category of which the client is an instance (diagnosis) and then utilizing those research-established techniques that have been found to produce the desired outcome for this kind of client.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This traditional role of researcher – the application of research-developed general knowledge to specific situations- misdescribes the way researchers actually work with the research. Researchers work in particular situations with a particular study.   Practice inquiry role of the researcher, is for the most part, carried out without conscious deliberation about what should be done. The researcher should have the role of an ongoing conversation.   When researchers` non-deliberative   activities appear not to advance the study toward their goals, researchers engage in practical problem-solving.   Researchers` performances are informed by their practical knowledge rather than by research-generated generalized knowledge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researchers consistently report (e.g. Marten & Heimberg, 1995; Stiles, 1992) that they rarely look to generalized research findings in determining what they do with the inquiry.   Instead, their actions draw on their own experiences, their discussions with other researchers, and clinically based literature.   The gap between the traditional model of application and psychological practice has been problematic, if not embarrassing, for the discipline.   The discipline’s call that researchers limit their therapeutic actions to empirically validated sets of techniques (Nathan & Goran, 1998) continues the traditional model of application.   An alternate direction for psychology is inquiry that actually researchers` activity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two basic philosophical responses, the heuristics and hermeneutics, were proposed to the notion that there can be no certain knowledge. French postmodernists such as Deleuze and Gutari (1987) and Foucault (1979) are heuristics.   They counseled that people resist the constriction of possibilities that inheres in the belief in certain knowledge.   The awareness that knowledge is uncertain provides a release form the restraining power of culturally imposed norms clothed as necessary, natural or universal knowledge (Bernstein, 1992).   The end of epistemology makes it possible for people to destabilize and subvert culturally dominant forces and thereby gain power over their own self-formation.   The concern of the heuristics was a prescription of how to live in a world without certainties (McGowan, 1991). The hermeneutics involved a shift from instruction about how to live without certainty. That is, how     people practically deal with the world and others to accomplish everyday tasks and achieve their goals, even though their knowledge is not certain.   Because of the postmodern rejection of the notion that true knowledge can be methodologically generated, the study of researcher inquiry becomes essential.   If the research inquiry does not produce trustworthy knowledge, the notion that practice should consist of application of this knowledge to a particular situations is undercut.   The philosophical study of how people inquire about what to do focuses on the everyday activities in which people are engaged and not specifically on inquiry in psychological practice.   The two most important philosophers to study people’s everyday inquiry are Heidegger and Gadamer. Heidegger’s Being and Time (1962) was pivotal in bringing Continental philosophy’s attention to everyday inquiry.   Gadamer, who was a student of Heidegger, extended Heidegger’s position to include the study of how everyday understanding takes place.   I am particularly interested in what Gadamer`s hermeneutics to understanding how psychological researchers determine what to say and do. Gadamer mistrusted experimental science, as he understood it.   Weinsheimer (1985) points out that Gadamer`s view of science is of the pre-1960s variety, and that ‘some of his characterizations of the methods of natural science are now no longer tenable’ (p. 20).   Gadamer`s heritage was the continental hermeneutic tradition that reached back to Schleiermacher.     Ã‚  Gadamer advanced from a hermeneutic of text interpretation to a philosophical hermeneutics, that is, a general theory of how people understand and how this understanding informs action. Demonstrate your knowledge of Freud, Jung, Hillman and the philosophical commitments of depth psychology. The term depth psychology is the container for a number of psychologies that concern themselves with the unconscious. Though its existence was known and utilized by mesmerists and hypnotists (Meissner, 2000), the unconscious gained its first scientific foothold in modern times with Freud. However, the psyche recovered its greater depths in Jungian psychology and Hillman’s (1975) archetypal psychology, In all, the rational, intentional human mind, waking consciousness, or gift of reason, is only one player in a much larger field of consciousness. These depth psychologists believe that the ego consciousness, our daytime â€Å"I,† is not the master of the psychological house. They feel this was proven early on by the word association tests (Jung, 1910, 1970), where the individual, after an initial ease with associating words with given prompts, would begin to take extra long for some responses, draw blanks, give answers that rhymed. The unexpected or what went wrong, when taken together would often exhibit a thematic quality, be connected to returning emotions, memories, repressed instincts, which came to be known as the complexes. The word association tests demonstrated that in spite of our intentions, something other, not known to the daytime â€Å"I,† could interfere and participate in our behavior. Over the years, the metaphoric characters and the inner dramas of the complexes led psychologists to call their approach to the psyche a â€Å"poetic basis of mind† (Hillman, 1975, p. xi). Since the appearance of Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams in 1900, the existence of the unconscious has held as a psychological fact. The exact nature of what is in the unconscious is what distinguishes the different depths of the depth psychologies. For Freud, the unconscious contained various forms of instinct and memory in the form of complexes, a personal unconscious that had emotional and somatic/physical attributes. For Jung (1959), that personal unconscious rested upon an even deeper layer, the collective unconscious or the objective psyche, which was far more ancient than an individual lifetime and contained the primordial images, the archetypes. The archetypes featured not only emotional and somatic attributes, but also spiritual and worldly attributes that appeared in vision, dream and synchronicity. Synchronicity is Jung’s word for the meaningful coincidences that are part and parcel of deep psychological experience. For Jung, the objective psyche also contained a guiding, organizing center, the Self, very much like the Hindu Parusha, the God Within. Hillman (1975) wished to keep psychology free from the dogmatism of Jung’s Self. He said that our psychological depths do contain archetypes, but they are best served by an understanding that respects their full autonomy. In other words, for Hillman, the depths are polycentric and if there is a Self, we honor it best by not dictating how it should behave. Hillman pushes archetypal theory to its fullest stature. For him, an archetype and a God, in the classic (e.g., Grecian or polytheistic) sense of the word, are the same. Additionally, he prefers the word soul to the words personal or collective unconscious. Hillman amplified the term â€Å"soul† by using these related words: â€Å"mind, spirit, heart, life, warmth, humanness, personality, individuality, intentionality, essence, innermost purpose, emotion, quality, virtue, morality, sin, wisdom, death, God† (Hillman, 1964, p. 44). Jungian idea of the collective unconscious as the â€Å"most serviceable in the creation of an ecopsychology† (p. 302). Today we call this theory Gala. Earth itself is a living being and through our becoming conscious, she becomes conscious: â€Å"the collective unconscious, at its deepest level, shelters the compacted ecological intelligence of our species, the source from which culture finally unfolds as the self-conscious reflection of nature’s own steadily emergent mindlikeness† (p. 301). Evaluate heuristic and hermeneutics. The heuristic psychology was based on a quite simple idea. The theory was designed to explain the prevalence of cognitive biases in reasoning tasks and the puzzling fact that logical competence demonstrated on one task often failed to be exhibited on another (Evans, 1989). The heuristicanalytic theory proposed that two kinds of cognitive process were involved: heuristic processes, which generated selective representations of problem content, and analytic processes, which derived inferences or judgments from these representations. Biases were accounted for by the proposal that logically relevant information might be omitted or logically irrelevant information included at the heuristic stage. Since analytic reasoning could be applied only to these heuristically formed representations, biases could result. In the revised theory, the heuristic-analytic terminology is retained, with an attempt to define more precisely the nature of the interaction between the two processes and to assist in the generation of experimental predictions about particular reasoning tasks. At the same time, assumptions about dual systems are kept to a minimum. The present account draws heavily on the theory of hypothetical thinking put forward by Evans, Over, and Handley (2003) in an attempt to gain greater understanding of how the analytic (or explicit) system works and how it interacts with the heuristic (or implicit) system. Evans, Over, and Handley (2003) were attempting to advance in more specific terms the idea proposed by Evans and Over (1996) that the analytic system is involved whenever hypothetical thought is required. Hypothetical thinking involves the imagination of possibilities that go beyond the representation of factual knowledge about the world. Examples include hypothesis testing, forecasting, consequential decision making, and (on certain assumptions) deductive reasoning. The relevance principle concerns the generation of mental models and hypotheses by the heuristic system. It refers to the powerful tendency to contextualize all problems with reference to prior knowledge elicited by contextual cues and the current goals that are being pursued. This has been described as the fundamental computational bias by Stanovich (1999), although the term bias should certainly not be taken here in a pejorative sense. Given the notorious frame problem of artificial intelligence, we might describe the fundamental computational bias in computers as the failure to contextualize problems. What Stanovich (1999) is getting at is the fact that we need, in a modern technological society, to be capable also of abstract, decontextualized reasoning, which he believes the analytic system can achieve. Note that the relevance principle contrasts with the principle of truth in the mental model theory (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 2002), in which it is proposed that people represent only true possibilities. By default, I assume that people represent what is believable or plausible (true is too strong a term) but also that this default can be altered according to context. Our attention can easily be focused on hypotheses that are improbable (buying health insurance to cover emergencies on a particular vacation) or most improbable (thinking about the consequences of life being discovered on Mars). The heuristic-analytic theory does not offer an original or profound solution to the problem of how relevant knowledge is delivered by the heuristic system. However, in our proposals about mental representations, we have drawn on the notion that implicatures may be added to our mental models (Evans & Over, 2004). The discipline called hermeneutics has been thriving for more than 300 years. Hermeneutics has played an increasingly influential role in what PoIkinghorne (1983) calls the â€Å"long debate† in modern times over the proper mode of inquiry in the human sciences. Should they emulate the methods of the natural sciences or develop their own distinctive approach? Are human beings different in kind from objects in the natural world: Are they requiring such a different approach? Hermeneutics as a self-conscious procedure arose in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, concerned mainly with the interpretation of the bible and classic texts. Even though these works were consulted for important insights or truths concerning human life, reflective interpretation was often felt to be required because, as the modern world dawned, they seemed to be products of quite different and somewhat alien cultures of the past. Also, the Reformation had, in many quarters, undermined the Church’s exclusive authority to interohmpret the Bible. Friedrich Schliermacher (1768-1834) broadened the scope of hermeneutics and clarified the role of the famous â€Å"hermeneutic circle,† according to which our understanding of any part of a text, work of art, or individual life is shaped by our initial or assumed understanding of the whole of it, at the same time that our understanding of that whole is continually revised by our encounter with and modified understanding of its parts. Some hermeneutic philosophers (Heidegger, 1962; Gadamer, 1989; Guignon, 1983; Taylor, 1989), sometimes termed ontological hermeneutics, might contribute to a more plausible picture of the world and the place of humans in it that would be open to religious claims and meanings. Also, I will suggest a few key ways in which such an ontology calls for a revised understanding of the aims and methods of the social sciences, including psychology. Finally, I suggest that a hermeneutic perspective gives us insights into what might be the most fruitful kind of interaction between psychology and religion. Some view them as essentially in conflict, of course, while others avoid such conflict by sealing them off from another in separate spheres. Neither approach is very helpful, obviously, to religiously inclined psychologists who want to draw in their work on possibly valid ideas from each realm. At this point, the alternative of seeking an intellectually and spiritually sound â€Å"integration† of religion and psychology beckons. From a hermeneutic standpoint, much of the spirit of this approach seems right on target, but still the idea or theory of integrating these fields seems flawed in important ways that call for rethinking the nature of their interchange. Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) expanded Schliermacher’s ideas into a general theory of interpretation for the human sciences. A strictly naturalistic view of inquiry in the human sciences began to harden with the publication of John Stuart Mill’s influential System of Logic in 1843, which presented a philosophical and logical foundation for empiricism and advocated the use of natural science methods in the study of human phenomenon as the only cure for what Mill thought of as the â€Å"backward state of the moral sciences.† However, Dilthey argued forcefully that we simply do not understand our objects in the â€Å"human studies† or â€Å"human sciences† (Geisteswissenschaften) by subsuming them under general laws. â€Å"We explain nature; man we must understand† (Dilthey, 195.8, p. 144). Rather, in these disciplines we need â€Å"to forge new models for the interpretation of human phenomena †¦ derived from the character of lived experience itself †¦ to be based on categories of ‘meaning’ instead of ‘power,’ history instead of mathematics† (Palmer, 1969, p. 103).1 In these fields, according to Dilthey, we immediately grasp the meaning or import of a work of art or historical event in terms of categories of significance, purpose, or value, through a combined exercise of all our powers of cognitive reflection, empathy, and moral imagination. At the start of the twentieth century, a major transformation in hermeneutic thought took place, reflecting the growing awareness that devising rules for interpreting humans is impossible and that the whole fascination with method is a byproduct of the very scientism being called in question. The result was a shift from seeing hermeneutics as primarily epistemological or methodological, where the aim is developing an art or technique of interpretation, to today’s ontological hermeneutics, which aims to clarify the being of the entities that interpret and understand, namely, ourselves (Richardson, Powers, & Guignon, 1999). An essential part of this transformation involves becoming clear that the aspiration to pristine, a historical standards for understanding, or truly an Archimedean point for discriminating knowledge from illusion and error, is not only unattainable but reflects, in part, questionable and, in a moral or spiritual sense, somewhat inauthentic motives or goals for humans. I hope to suggest some possible reasons for this claim and provide glimpses of an ontological hermeneutic alternative to scientism, dogmatism, and relativism in the remainder of this article, in line with the effort by some leading thinkers and theologians today to â€Å"steer a course between Enlightenment foundationalism and postmodern relativism† (Browning, 2004). References Aziz, R. ( 1990). C. G. Jung’s psvchalogv of religion and syn-chronicity. Albany: SUNY. Coppin, J.(2005)The art of inquiry a depth psychological perspective. Evans. J. ST. B. T., & OVER, D. E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning. Hove, U.K.: Psychology Press. Evans, J. ST. B. T., & OVER, D. E. (1989). Explicit representations in hypothetical thinking. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 22, 763-764. Evans, J. ST. B. T., OVER, D. E., & HANDLEY, S. J. (2003). A theory of hypothetical thinking. In D. Hardman & L. Maachi (Eds.), Thinking: Psychological perspectives on reasoning, judgement and decision making (pp. 3-22). Chichester, U.K.: Wiley. Frankel. R. (1998). The adolescent psyche: Jungian ami Winnicottian perspectives. New York: Roulledge. Freud. S. (1900/1965). The interpretation of dreams: trans. James Strachey. New York: Avon Books. Gadamer, H. G. (1975). Truth and method. (J. Weinsheimer & D. G. Marshall, Trans.) (Rev. ed.). New York: Continuum. (Original work published 1960) Goertzel. V., & Goertzel, M. G. (1962). Cradles of eminence. Boston: Little, Brown. Hawke, C. (2000). Jung and the postmodern: The interpretation of realities. London: Routledge. Heidegger, M. (1990). Nietzsche (Vois 3 & 4). New York: Harpe rCollins.Hillman, J. (1964). Suicide and the soul. New York: Harper & Row. Hillman, J. (1975). Re-visioning psychology. New York: Harper Colophon Books. Hillman, J. (1983). The bad mother: An archetypal approach. Spring, I, 165-181. Hillman, J. (1996). The soul’s code: In search of character and calling. New York: Random House. Hillman, J. (1999). The force of character and the lasting life. New York: Random House. Jung, C. G. (1910). The association method. American Journal of Psychology, 31, 219- 269. Jung, C. G. (1959). Symbols of transformation. Collected Works (Vol. 5). Princeton, NJ: Bollingen Foundation. Jung, C. G. (1965). Memories, dreams, reflections. New York: Vintage.Jung, C. G. (1970) Collected Works. 18 vols. Princeton, NJ: Bollingen Foundation. Moustakas, C. (1990)Heuristic research design, methodology and applications. Newberry Park,CA: Sage Publications Stanovich, K. E. ( 1999). Who is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum.   

Pathophysiology Paper

Running Head: Integrated Pathophysiology Integrated Pathophysiology Paper Confidential RNSG 2463 Instructor Date Integrated Pathophysiology 2 Patient Data Mr. F. is a seventy-three year old Caucasian male who is twice divorced and lives alone in Sweetwater, Texas. He has two children living, and two deceased children. Both of his parents are deceased; his father died at the age of sixty-nine of prostate cancer, his mother at the age of seventy-two of a stroke. He is self-employed, owning a local dirt contracting company for about thirty years now. Mr. F. tands five-foot and nine inches tall and weighs two hundred sixty pounds, exhibiting moderate obesity and has been for the past twenty-five years. He has a longstanding history of hypertension; approximately twenty years as well as a history of diabetes mellitus type two for twelve years, never having been insulin dependant. He has a smoking history of about fifty years smoking two packs per day and has been diagnosed a few years ago with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, making him oxygen-dependant for two years. He claims to only drink alcohol on a social basis.Prior to his current admission, he stated that he has not been compliant with his diabetic diet, that he does not check his blood glucose regularly nor has he been following his medication regimen as he should. His last doctors appointment was two years ago. On July 6, 2008, Emergency Medical Services was called to Mr. F. ’s residence by a friend who found him in bed, conscious, but speaking incoherently. He had a nasal canula in place at three liters per minute. His glucometer done by emergency personnel showed a blood sugar of thirty-six.He was then given a bolus of dextrose fifty percent; he then returned to consciousness, but complained of some right arm and leg weakness. He had 3+ pitting edema bilaterally to lower extremities as well as 1+ presacral edema. He was then transported to Rolling Plains Memorial Hospital emergency room. Upo n arrival to the hospital, his vital signs were as follows; blood pressure- 200/103, heart rate- 80, respirations- 18, and oxygen saturation at 95% on oxygen via nasal canula at 3 liters per minute. His right sided weakness seemed to resolve per patient.He denied headache, vertigo and tinnitus. Diagnostics done at the emergency room showed a white blood cell count of 7. 8, hemoglobin of 12. 4, hematocrit of 37. 2, MCV of 95, and the platelet count along with coagulation studies showed to be normal. His renal function was abnormal at a BUN of 68 and a creatinine of 6. 1. His potassium level was 5. 4 and CO2 was 22. 3. His sodium level was 133, phosphorus levels were elevated at 6. 1, globulins were elevated at 4. 3, troponin level was slightly elevated at 0. 14 and CPK was normal. His BNP NT-Type was extremely elevated at 9674. along with his hemoglobin A1C was at 5. 8. Thyroid studies were Integrated Pathophysiology 3 found to be normal. The total cholesterol was 127, with HDL only at 24, LDL at 79 and triglycerides at 136. A further diagnostic study revealed by way of chest x-ray has shown cardiomegaly with mild venous congestion. The EKG shows poor R wave progression and nonspecific ST wave changes from previous. The echocardiogram showed 2+ mitral valve regurgitation with mild aortic stenosis and also an ejection fraction of over 50%. A renal sonogram shows diffuse cystic changes.A CT scan of his head revealed mild white matter changes but no other abnormalities. The 24 hour urine shows a urinary creatinine of 1449 and a urinary protein of 190. 3. The patient denied problems with urination such as frequency, urgency, dysuria, recurrent urinary tract infections or renal stones. Home medications included; Potassium chloride 10 mEq t. i. d. daily, Metformin 500 mg daily, Nifedipine 90 mg daily, Ramipril 10 mg b. i. d. for a total of 20 mg daily, Albuterol inhaler, Furosemide 80 mg in the am and 40 mg in the pm. Mr. F. was admitted into the intensive care unit from the emergency room.Diseases/Pathophysiology Mr. F. ’s current disease processes are long-standing hypertension, obesity, COPD, Diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and congestive heart failure. Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006). It is caused by increases in cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, or both. The cardiac output is the volume of blood that is ejected by the heart each minute. Peripheral resistance is a resistance to the flow of blood out side of the heart. It can be considered either primary or secondary.Primary hypertension has no known causative factors other than relation to genetic predisposition, obesity, stress, increased alcohol intake, diabetes, and or sodium and water retention in which all increase the total workload of the heart and increase fluid volume with in the vascular space (Zerwekh, Claborn & Gaglione, 2006). Secondary hypertension is elevated blood pressure with a n identifiable cause that may include but not limited to; renal stenosis, congenital heart defects, Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma, untreated sleep apnea, MAOIs, chemical stimulants such as cocaine, methamphetamines etc. or pregnancy induced (Zerwekh, Claborn & Gaglione, 2006). Obesity is a disease within many diseases with many varying causes. According to Ignatavicius and Workman (2006), an obese person weighs at least 20% above the upper limit of the normal range for ideal body weight and refers to an excessive amount of body fat in which can be distributed differently and cause an array of problems according to the distribution, Integrated Pathophysiology 4 especially android obesity with excess fat at the waist and abdomen; this pattern carries the greatest health risk.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a progressive and irreversible condition characterized by diminished inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs (Mosby’s, 2002). Emphysema along with chronic bronchitis is complications that lead to COPD. The etiology is more often than not, a long history of smoking cigarettes or other forms of smoking tobacco. The lungs lose elasticity and tend to cause hyperinflation due to the alveoli in the lung losing its elastin, in which then narrows and produces a surface area that decreases and is no longer functioning properly for adequate gas exchange.The accumulated air that is unable to be absorbed properly becomes trapped and causes the collapse of the smaller airways called bronchioles. With the lungs hyperinflated, this flattens the diaphragm, thus causing the individual to utilize accessory muscles to breath, increasing the respiratory rate to compensate. Patients with COPD have bouts with chronic bronchitis which is an inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles triggered usually by tobacco smoke.The irritants from the smoke cause inflammation, with vasodilation, mucosal edema, and bronchospasms; the increased inflammation increases the size of the mucosal glands and produce large amounts of thick mucus, causing the bronchial walls to thicken and impair airflow (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006). Diabetes Mellitus comes in many forms; the main characteristic is elevated blood glucose due to complications in the insulin secretion or action or both (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006).When diagnosed with diabetes other than type one, the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans that produce insulin and the alpha cells that produce glucagon, which counteract one another, either decrease in production of these hormones or can possibly produce at a normal balance. If there is normal production of these hormones, mainly insulin (the hormone that transports glucose into the cells), it is usually cellular resistance to insulin that is causing the diabetes.When the cells are not receiving the necessary glucose needed for cellular function and metabolism, the body is unable to utilize the glucose, store carbohydrates, fat s and proteins; therefore the unused glucose remains in the blood causing hyperglycemia and regulatory mechanisms in the body tend to cause the release of more glucagon which cause the release of stored glucose in the liver into the bloodstream as well, therefore increasing the blood glucose level even more. Homeostasis is Integrated Pathophysiology 5 nterrupted, systemically causing damage. The etiology of type two diabetes can be a combination of many factors; however the well known contributor is obesity. Chronic renal failure is a progressive, irreversible kidney injury, and kidney function does not recover (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006). The kidneys are in charge of filtering the metabolic wastes in the bloodstream that comes from cellular metabolism throughout the body as well as reabsorption of necessary electrolytes.When long-term damage is sustained in the cells of the kidneys (nephrons) by factors such as longstanding hypertension, function is progressively altered exhibit ed by the inability to excrete the nitrogenous wastes; therefore they accumulate in the kidneys and blood stream. Altered glomerular filtration rate, abnormal urine production, poor water excretion, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic abnormalities occur as a result of renal failure. The body’s ability to dilute urine is decreased; therefore urine output decreases causing fluid overload.The failure occurs in stages with the last being end-stage renal disease in which all renal function eventually ceases. Congestive heart failure also known as left-sided heart failure may result from hypertensive coronary artery and valvular diseases arising particularly from the mitral and aortic valves. When CHF occurs from any etiology such as systemic hypertension and structural changes, the ventricles of the heart are unable to contract and or relax properly causing blood to congest around the heart.As a result of this congestion in and around the heart, tissue perfusion diminishes and blood accumulates in the pulmonary vessels. Cardiac output eventually decreases and compensatory mechanisms such as sympathetic nervous system stimulation, the renin-angiotensin system activation in the kidneys (RAS), other neurohumoral responses and myocardial hypertrophy will occur (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2006).The hypoxic state of the tissues stimulate the nervous system which increases the heart rate and blood pressure due to vasoconstriction and this stimulation increases venous blood return to the heart, which in turn stretches the myocardial fibers causing dilation and eventually thickening of the walls of the heart and chambers within it, consequently causing enlargement (cardiomegaly). The heart then tries to contract harder and eventually exhausts and reduces the force of the contractions; therefore decreasing cardiac output.The vasoconstriction of the arteries increases the afterload which is the resistance that the heart must pump. This low output causes a decrease in b lood flow to the kidney’s which results in the activation of the RAS in turn causes sodium and water retention. Cardiac preload and afterload increase causing contractile dysfunction. Integrated Pathophysiology 6 Integration Mr. F. reported that he has been obese for approximately twenty-five years. A few years after the significant weight gain, he was diagnosed with hypertension.At his own admission, his lifestyle of high fat, cholesterol, salt and sugar intake as well as a long history of smoking cigarettes left little to be desired and have contributed significantly to his current condition. Several years after having been diagnosed with hypertension, he was told he had diabetes and COPD. Upon his recent hypoglycemic episode, he was diagnosed then as having chronic renal failure with congestive heart failure. All of these diagnoses tie well in together, starting with obesity. When a person is obese, the excess weight, especially around the waist and abdomen as seen in Mr.F . causes the workload on the heart to increase due to the excess adipose tissue surrounding the visceral organs and weight in general. Being obese puts one at high risk factors for developing hypertension and heart disease as Mr. F. has. Obesity also places one at high risk for developing diabetes type two due to the fact that adipose tissue and cells that accumulate have a high tendency to become insulin resistant as well as the surrounding cells and tissue; therefore the body can not utilize the glucose and hyperglycemia occurs.A prolonged period of insulin resistance eventually leads to the beta cell failure causing decreased insulin production. The same high fat, cholesterol, and sodium diet that contributed to the patient’s obesity in the first place, causing his heart to have to work harder, more than likely caused him to develop hypertension. The fact of his non-compliance with his medication regimen for hypertension and diabetes, 100 pack per year smoking habit as wel l as noncompliance with prescribed diabetic diet, lead to his further complications of renal failure and lastly CHF.With prolonged hypertension and particularly uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy changes the kidneys in a way that reduces kidney function and eventually, renal failure. Chronic high blood glucose levels cause hypertension in kidney blood vessels and excess kidney perfusion (Ignavicius &Workman, 2006). This increase in pressure within the kidneys cause the blood vessels to leak out that allows large particles such as albumins and proteins to form deposits in the kidneys and their blood supply.This narrows the vessels and decreases oxygenation to surrounding kidney tissue; therefore causing hypoxia and eventually irreversible cell death. As this progresses, scarred tissue forms and the ability to filter urine from the blood ceases causing renal failure. Once in renal failure, the patient’s kidneys were not able to regulate the fluid volume by ade quate excretion, therefore the excess fluid was pooled back into the vascular Integrated Pathophysiology 7 space. This fluid volume overload caused an increased cardiac workload which eventually leads to congestive heart failure.Mr. F. ’s smoking history was the primary cause of his COPD; however it is exacerbated by the collection of fluid in his vascular space due to renal failure, the loss of elasticity of vascular system and congestive heart failure. The medication prescribed for Mr. F. ’s diabetes was Metformin 500 mg daily. This medication primary action was to decrease hepatic glucose production. The excess insulin in the blood triggers production of glucagon in which signals the liver to release stored glucose, in turn hyperglycemia results. This medication was changed due to Mr. F. s elevated BUN and creatinine which is where this medication is metabolized and excreted as well as his state of CHF. Continuing this medication could cause toxicity. The new medica tion he was placed on was a low dose of Actos which is metabolized in the liver and does not cause hypoglycemia as Metformin may. To treat his hypertension, Nifedipine was prescribed and it acts to lower blood pressure by inhibiting calcium transport into myocardial cells and smooth muscle cells within the vascular space resulting in vasodilation counteracting the vasoconstriction caused by hypertension.In addition to Nifedipine, the patient is prescribed an ACE inhibitor named Ramipril. This ACE inhibitor works on the renin-angiotensinogen system ultimately causing systemic vasodilation. This medication not only decreases the blood pressure, it decreases cardiac afterload in patients with CHF. Ramipril is metabolized in the liver, therefore indicated for patients at risk or in renal failure. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is especially helpful in patients with edema due to hypertension, renal disease as well as CHF.Furosemide increases the renal excretion of water as well as so dium and other electrolytes, thus reduces the fluid volume in the vascular space. It also has a vasodilating effects that are beneficial in this patients regimen; however a potassium supplement must be given due to the potassium wasting caused by this loop diuretic. This patient’s dose of Furosemide was significantly increased due to the necessity of ridding his body of the accumulating fluid and stabilizing his blood pressure which in turn will prevent further damage to his kidney’s. Potassium is necessary for proper contractility of the heart.Mr. F. is on Potassium chloride 10 mEq t. i. d. to make up for the loss due to the loop diuretic effects. The Albuterol inhaler is used to dilate the bronchi thus increasing surface area of the air ways to enable oxygen and CO2 exchange. This inhaler can exacerbate hypertension, palpitations and have a negative cardiac effect as well as cause hyperglycemia; therefore must be used cautiously. Integrated Pathophysiology 8 Predicti on of Outcomes Although Mr. F. ’s acute condition was stabilized, his prognosis appears poor at this point due to his history of noncompliance.Even though he has decreased his cigarette habit to one pack per day, his condition will probably deteriorate unless he could totally abstain from smoking. While speaking with the patient, he assures that this has got his attention and he will remain compliant from here on out. The damage at this point is irreversible; therefore maintaining remaining function as it is now becomes a new priority, meaning that compliance is necessary at this point for this patient as continuing to be noncompliant will definitely lead to his demise.Aggressive diabetic counseling as well as reinforcement of adhering to his current medication regimen is crucial for this patient’s survival. Other disciplines that should be involved to ensure a better prognosis for Mr. F. are ones such as a dietician to help with meal and snack planning per diabetic pr otocol, continuing respiratory therapy to aid in oxygenation and supplies, physical therapy to build the patients strength and prevent venous stasis hence blood clots, and maybe even occupational therapy to assist him with maintaining independent activities of daily living.Routine follow up appointments with his physician as well as specialist for cardiac and pulmonary function are essential to his outcome. A diabetic support group would be ideal for this patient as he appears to be a person in need of a support team. Lifestyles are hard to modify, but when one gets backed into a corner, it can be done, even in the most noncompliant patients otherwise death is imminent. Integrated Pathophysiology 9References Deglin, J. H. & Vallerand, A. H. (2007). Davis’s Drug Guide, Tenth Edition. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. Ignatavicius, D. D. & Workman, M. L. (2006). Medical Surgical Nursing, Critical Thinking for Collaborative Care. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders. Mosby’s Med ical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary (6th ed. ). St. Louis: Mosby, Inc. Zerwekh, J. , Claborn, J. C. & Gaglione, T. (2006). Mosby’s Pathophysiology Memory Notecards, Visual, Mnemonic, and Memory Aids for Nurses. St. Louis: Mosby, Inc.

argentiian Culture essays

argentiian Culture essays The Significance of the Restoration Movement This article discussed the Restoration Movement and the stipulations and events that were involved with the movement. It was brought about in large part by Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell in the early 19th century. The first main topic discussed was the Biblical movement. This gave examples of how there are many people out there who consider something to be a Biblical movement because it has something to do with the Bible or an interpretation of a passage in the Bible etc. I really liked what Stone said about it being better to have one Book and enter into heaven than to have many and enter into hell. We just have to remember that we are called to preach the gospel. I loved how the article discussed preaching the gospel. That is the number one thing that should be preached even today. The article also had a lot of good stuff to say about the Holy Spirit and faith and opinion, but what I really want to get into is the last section, which was on the New Testament church. The article talked about how some people are confusing what this New Testament church is all about. Some people think that it means basically getting rid of the Old Testament. However, that isnt the case at all. The New Testament church simply means that you have a church nowadays that is based on the first century church. I personally think this is the best plan yet. The funny thing is that I had never even heard of it until I came to this school. In theology we learned about covenant, and now were learning about how to follow the first century churchs example. This makes a lot of sense to me because these were the first Christian people ever to exist on earth. Therefore, God was obviously involved in their church, and He even gave people like Paul the right words to help lead these churches. It seems obvious to me that this is the way God wanted churches to function. ...

LinkedIns Company Follow Feature Adds Status Updates!

LinkedIns Company Follow Feature Adds Status Updates! Breaking News about LinkedIns Company Follow LinkedIn announced on October 10 that it was rolling out yet a new feature that will change the face of what it means to follow a company on LinkedIn.   For a year and a half prior to this development, it has been possible to follow companies on LinkedIn.   But the information available was rather limited, i.e.,   1) when employees join, leave or are promoted; 2) new job opportunities; and 3) company profile updates. If you are a job seeker interested in working at a company, or if you are a recruiter, the three pieces of information listed above can be quite useful.   You can keep track of useful tidbits like how many and what type of people a company is hiring, how many people get promoted, and how many employees leave the company.   As LinkedIn suggested in its April 2010 announcement about the Company Follow feature, Get on the inside track with â€Å"Company Follow,† if you are geography teacher you might be quite interested if you see web technology companies hiring people like you! What was missing from the Company Follow feature was the ability to get news and information from the company itself. That has now changed with the advent of†¦Ã‚   Company Status updates! Yes, it’s true. Companies on LinkedIn can now act just like people and post updates to their very own status bar.   With a 500-character limit, these updates can be substantial. And you can follow them with a simple click of the mouse! Whats in it for you? How might company updates help you as a job seeker?   Well, you have probably heard a lot about the â€Å"hidden job market.†Ã‚   Most high level positions are actually filled without being advertised. Note well:   Status updates allow you to find out any news that a company thinks is important to share.   If you read these updates carefully, you might find a good reason to contact the company, comment on these new developments, and make a positive impression on a decision-maker. You might be thinking, â€Å"Well, if company updates are available to everyone, won’t everyone be pestering these poor decision-makers with congratulatory notes and other correspondence?† My best guess is that most people will not take advantage of the opportunities presented by Company Follow. They might not be paying attention, or they might be too scared to write a letter to a decision-maker. By truly utilizing the information that is available, you will set yourself apart. You may already have ideas of companies you want to follow.   Start following them!   In addition, take a look at the Search for Companies homepage.   You will be given â€Å"Companies You May Want to Follow,† much the same as you can find â€Å"Groups you Might Like† under the Groups tab. Follow The Essay Experts Company Page on LinkedIn Here’s a great idea: How about starting by following The Essay Expert! I will be updating my status from time to time to let you know of developments that might interest you. And I will always be happy to hear from you in response to my updates. For any company owners reading this, you have a new task to add to your list:   updating your company status bar and starting to gather followers.   As of now, posting is a â€Å"by hand† type of job, though I hear HootSuite is working on integration. LinkedIn might not catch up to facebook when it comes to creating company buzz, but for job seekers LinkedIn is still the place to be†¦Ã‚   and to follow. Follow The Essay Expert!

Biases and Judgments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Biases and Judgments - Research Paper Example Judgment is the best management tool since many ideas are put into perspective thus having a high probability of making a decisive decision. The purpose of this study is mainly to determine the effects of application of both judgment and biases to an organization. Studying the purposes gives the opinion on the best management tool. According to Grise and Gallupe (2000), the effectiveness of management is determined by way of decision making. It is an obvious assumption that judgment is a better way of decision making than biases. Biases are ill painted because it may be used to cover an individual interest at the expense of the organization. In this paper, the hypothesis applied is that biases lead to inequality in organizations. Managers who choose bias over judgment are likely to make mistakes. There are several types of judgment and biases; information, cognitive, risk and uncertainty biases. From the four examples above, all form part of the dependent variables apart from the inf ormation biases. Information biases are the primary cluster filters and influences that influence decisions. This is for the reason that, when selecting amongst decisions, judgment makers at most instances instinctively misrepresent information. This is recognized as interest bias, optimism, conclusion bias, significance bias and self interest thinking. Information bias can also alter how the search of information usually is undertaken. Paucity of appropriate information, the staff in an organization may fail to do the right but without their knowledge. This consequently provides room for certain individuals or groups to fulfill their self interest. During decision making certain information may be ignored or added to achieve a specific outcome. This can be done by a trait known as illusion control. The illusion control is where judgment makers overrate the degree to which the outcome of a verdict is on their hands, and their capability to correct or repair harms should they come up as a consequence of a verdict. Additionally, there is an overrating of the personal abilities of the judgment maker to make the verdict. This type of bias tends to benefit persons who have achieved success in decision making. Decision makers influenced by this bias have a tendency to center their attention on the sections of the decision they can manage and ignore the factors that display uncertainty (Irani and Love, 2001). They also overrate their own responsibilities in order to assure themselves in case any form doubt comes up. Risk biases include the third set of choices and influences that take action on the decision procedure. These biases mostly take action on decision options which are aimed at reducing risk all through the decision making process. The awareness of risk shape decision results because a high percentage of the information and cognitive biases used by judgment makers are as well used to lessen the risk. Predictable choice making theory proposes that, choice is a mixture of risk and likely gains. Judgment makers, who are risk reluctant, go with options that have less possible gains, slighter options of results with less risk. Decision creators who seek risks go with options that potentially offer higher interests, although with better variation in results the higher the risks. Mangers tend to take risk more frequently when they come up with the decision individually than group thinking is

Driver Designated Service Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Driver Designated Service - Research Paper Example The Marketing Plan The demographic environment of Los Angel’s city is made up of a diverse population. The populace consists of men and women whose education levels vary from person to person. Los Angeles is a city with a large population because of the high level of birth rate. The residents also have various perceptions governing their interactions within the society. Religious beliefs also vary from person to person because the country does not have a state religion. All this factors plays a crucial role in influencing market plan for organizations. The 4Ps of the marketing mix that are taken into consideration in the marketing of the service involve â€Å"product,† â€Å"price,† â€Å"place† and â€Å"promotion.† Marketing The owners should know the strengths and challenges within the business. The knowledge by the owners provides a burly base for the operation of the industry because the threats and opportunities are easily predicted by the own ers. Secondly, the customers should be educated on the benefits of business and how it works. It should have some distinct features that distinguish it from other similar services offered by other businesses (Heather & Stockwell, 2004). The location for conducting the business should be clear and reachable by the clients. Security of the clients should be guaranteed by the company. The business should not be positioned at a location where there are no unlawful doings happening in the area. It should also be located in strategic positions. Promotion The service of providing designated drivers should be widely promoted using various strategies such as advertising and sales promotion to market it to the prospective clients. Promotion also acts as a tool for educating buyers on the existence and payback of the service in the market. Service Review The service of providing designated drivers was instigated to help drivers who are excessively drunk safely reach home. My â€Å"designated driver service† company is different from other competitive companies because it drives clients from home in their own vehicles, while another driver follows the designated driver to pick up the designated driver. It is efficient because the designated driver goes as far bringing a clients’ vehicle within their reach. The designated driver service has certain impediment that limits the efficiency in delivery of the service. The first impediment is that the designated drivers are a popular lot in the society, but residents do not fully utilize the services they offer. This is because individuals are still used to the conduct of drinking and driving. The drunk drivers who cause accidents in most cases always go on drinking sprees without hiring designated drivers. A designated driver does not necessarily have to be a person who is engaged to work in a company, but can also be the one who goes with colleagues out on a drinking spree and refrains from drinking alcoholic bev erages (Heather & Stockwell, 2004). Target Market and Segmentation The city that I am targeting is Los Angeles. It has a high population compared to other states in the United States. The city and the market are located in the United States. The populace of the city is diverse because of the numerous ethnic groups present within the city. The market behavior in the city is also unpredictable as a result of the large population. Many individuals are operating different businesses within the city and I strongly believe that my company will immensely benefit from